Doppler Effect at Low Speeds

• f ` = f [(v ? vD) /(v vS)]

• 1/(1+x) ~ 1 - x + …

• 1/(1-x) ~ 1 + x + ...

• if vS <<v and vD <<v , then f ` ~ f ( 1 ? u/v) where u = | vS ? vD | is relative speed of source with respect to detector

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